Black oxide ko blackening shafi ne na juyawa don kayan ƙarfe, bakin karfe, jan ƙarfe da jan ƙarfe na tushen gami, tutiya, ƙurar foda, da siyar da azurfa.[1]Ana amfani da shi don ƙara juriya mai sauƙi, don bayyanar, da kuma rage girman haske.[2]Don cimma iyakar juriya na lalata baki dole ne a sanya shi da mai ko kakin zuma.[3]Ɗaya daga cikin fa'idodinsa akan sauran kayan shafa shine ƙarancin ginawa.
1.Ferrous abu
Madaidaicin oxide baƙar fata shine magnetite (Fe3O4), wanda ya fi ƙarfin injina a saman kuma yana ba da mafi kyawun lalata kariya fiye da jan oxide (tsatsa) Fe2O3.Hanyoyin masana'antu na zamani don samar da baƙin ƙarfe oxide sun haɗa da matakan zafi da tsakiyar zafin jiki da aka kwatanta a kasa.Hakanan ana iya samar da oxide ta hanyar tsarin lantarki a cikin anodizing.An bayyana hanyoyin gargajiya a cikin labarin kan bluing.Suna da ban sha'awa a tarihi, kuma suna da amfani ga masu sha'awar sha'awa don samar da baƙin ƙarfe oxide lafiya tare da ƙananan kayan aiki kuma ba tare da sinadarai masu guba ba.
Ƙananan zafin jiki oxide, wanda kuma aka kwatanta a kasa, ba rufin juyawa ba ne - tsarin ƙananan zafin jiki ba ya oxidize da ƙarfe, amma yana ajiye wani fili na selenium na jan karfe.
1.1 Baƙar fata mai zafi
Ana amfani da baho mai zafi na sodium hydroxide, nitrates, da nitrites a 141 °C (286 °F) don canza saman kayan zuwa magnetite (Fe3O4).Dole ne a ƙara ruwa lokaci-lokaci a cikin wanka, tare da sarrafawa masu dacewa don hana fashewar tururi.
Baƙi mai zafi ya haɗa da tsoma ɓangaren cikin tankuna daban-daban.Kayan aikin galibi ana “tsomawa” ta masu ɗaukar kaya masu sarrafa kansa don jigilar kayayyaki tsakanin tankuna.Wadannan tankuna sun ƙunshi, a cikin tsari, mai tsabtace alkaline, ruwa, soda caustic a 140.5 ° C (284.9 ° F) (filin baƙar fata), kuma a ƙarshe abin rufewa, wanda yawanci mai ne.Soda caustic da zafin jiki mai tsayi yana haifar da Fe3O4 (black oxide) don samar da saman ƙarfe maimakon Fe2O3 (jajayen oxide; tsatsa).Yayin da ya fi jajayen oxide girma a jiki, sabon baƙar oxide ɗin yana da ƙura, don haka ana shafa mai a ɓangaren mai zafi, wanda ke rufe shi ta hanyar "nutse" a ciki.Haɗin yana hana lalata kayan aikin.Akwai fa'idodi da yawa na baƙar fata, musamman:
Ana iya yin baƙar fata a cikin manyan batches (mai kyau ga ƙananan sassa).
Babu wani tasiri mai mahimmanci (tsarin yin baƙar fata yana haifar da Layer kusan 1 µm lokacin farin ciki).
Ya fi arha fiye da tsarin kariya irin na lalata, kamar fenti da lantarki.
MIL-DTL-13924 shine mafi tsufa kuma mafi yawan amfani da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai don baƙar fata mai zafi shine MIL-DTL-13924, wanda ke rufe nau'ikan matakai guda huɗu don nau'ikan nau'ikan daban-daban.Abubuwan da suka dace sun haɗa da AMS 2485, ASTM D769, da ISO 11408.
Wannan shine tsarin da ake amfani da shi don baƙaƙe igiyoyin waya don aikace-aikacen wasan kwaikwayo da tasirin tashi.
1.2 Baƙar fata mai zafin jiki
Kamar baƙar oxide mai zafi, tsakiyar zafin jiki baƙar fata oxide yana canza saman ƙarfen zuwa magnetite (Fe3O4).Koyaya, tsakiyar zafin jiki baƙar fata oxide yana yin baƙi a zazzabi na 90-120 ° C (194-248 °F), ƙasa da zafi mai zafi.Wannan yana da fa'ida domin yana ƙasa da wurin tafasar maganin, ma'ana babu hayaƙin da ake samu.
Tun da tsakiyar zafin jiki baki oxide ya fi kwatankwacin zafi baki oxide, shi ma zai iya saduwa da ƙayyadaddun soja MIL-DTL-13924, kazalika da AMS 2485.
1.3 Bakar oxide mai sanyi
Cold black oxide, wanda kuma aka sani da yanayin zafin jiki baki oxide, ana shafa shi a zazzabi na 20-30 °C (68-86 °F).Ba rufin jujjuyawar oxide ba ne, amma a maimakon haka an ajiye sinadarin selenium na jan karfe.Cold black oxide yana ba da mafi girma yawan aiki kuma ya dace da baƙar fata a cikin gida.Wannan shafi yana samar da launi mai kama da wanda canjin oxide yayi, amma yana ƙoƙarin gogewa cikin sauƙi kuma yana ba da ƙarancin juriya.Aikace-aikacen mai, kakin zuma, ko lacquer yana kawo juriyar lalata har zuwa daidai da zafi da tsakiyar zafin jiki.Ɗaya daga cikin aikace-aikacen don tsarin sanyi na baki oxide zai kasance a cikin kayan aiki da kammala gine-gine akan karfe (patina don karfe).An kuma san shi da sanyi bluing.
2. Tagulla
Hanyoyi na musamman na cupric oxide.svg
Black oxide don jan karfe, wani lokaci ana san shi da sunan kasuwanci Ebonol C, yana canza saman jan karfe zuwa cupric oxide.Don aiwatar da aiki a saman dole ne ya sami akalla 65% jan karfe;don saman jan karfe da ke da ƙasa da kashi 90% na jan ƙarfe dole ne a fara fara gyara shi tare da magani mai kunnawa.Rufin da aka ƙãre yana da kwanciyar hankali kuma yana mannewa sosai.Yana da kwanciyar hankali har zuwa 400 °F (204 ° C);sama da wannan zafin jiki da shafi ya ƙasƙanta saboda iskar shaka na tushe jan karfe.Don ƙara juriya na lalata, ana iya shafan saman mai, an lakafta shi, ko kuma da kakin zuma.Hakanan ana amfani da shi azaman riga-kafi don yin zane ko enamelling.Ƙarshen saman yana yawanci satin, amma ana iya juya shi mai sheki ta hanyar shafa a cikin enamel mai haske mai haske.
A kan ƙananan sikelin dendrites suna samuwa a kan ƙarewar farfajiya, wanda ke kama haske da kuma ƙara yawan sha.Saboda wannan kadara ana amfani da murfin a cikin sararin samaniya, microscope da sauran aikace-aikacen gani don rage girman haske.
A cikin allunan da'ira da aka buga (PCBs), yin amfani da baƙin ƙarfe oxide yana samar da mafi kyawun mannewa don yadudduka na fiberglass.Ana tsoma PCB a cikin wanka mai ɗauke da hydroxide, hypochlorite, da cuprate, wanda ke raguwa a cikin duka sassa uku.Wannan yana nuna cewa baƙin ƙarfe oxide na jan ƙarfe yana zuwa wani ɗan lokaci daga kumfa kuma wani ɓangare daga kewayen tagulla na PCB.Ƙarƙashin binciken ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, babu wani Layer oxide na jan karfe (I).
Ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun sojan Amurka shine MIL-F-495E.
3. Bakin karfe
Baƙar oxide mai zafi don bakin karfe shine cakuda caustic, oxidizing, da gishiri sulfur.Yana blackens 300 da 400 jerin da hazo-taurare 17-4 PH bakin karfe gami.Ana iya amfani da maganin a kan simintin ƙarfe da ƙarfe mara ƙarancin carbon.Sakamakon gamawa ya bi ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun soja MIL-DTL-13924D Class 4 kuma yana ba da juriya na abrasion.Ana amfani da ƙarewar baƙin oxide akan kayan aikin tiyata a cikin wurare masu haske don rage gajiyawar ido.
Bakin-zazzabi na ɗaki don bakin karfe yana faruwa ta atomatik-catalytic dauki na ajiya na jan karfe-selenide akan saman bakin-karfe.Yana ba da ƙarancin juriya na abrasion da kariyar lalata iri ɗaya kamar tsarin baƙar fata mai zafi.Ɗaya daga cikin aikace-aikacen don baƙar fata-zazzabi yana cikin ƙayyadaddun gine-gine (patina don bakin karfe).
4. Zinc
Black oxide na zinc kuma ana san shi da sunan kasuwanci Ebonol Z. Wani samfurin kuma shine Ultra-Blak 460, wanda ke baƙar fata da simintin gyare-gyaren zinc ba tare da amfani da kowane simintin chrome da zinc ba.
Lokacin aikawa: Nuwamba-23-2021