Koyi yadda za a iya amfani da magungunan zafi zuwa ga ƙarfe da yawa don haɓaka mahimman kaddarorin jiki kamar taurin ƙarfi, ƙarfi da injina.
Gabatarwa
Ana iya amfani da magungunan zafi zuwa ga ƙarfe da yawa don haɓaka mahimman kaddarorin jiki (misali taurin, ƙarfi ko injina).Wadannan canje-canjen suna faruwa ne saboda gyare-gyare ga microstructure da, wani lokacin, sinadarai na kayan.
Waɗancan jiyya sun haɗa da dumama kayan haɗin ƙarfe zuwa (yawanci) matsanancin yanayin zafi, sannan matakin sanyaya a ƙarƙashin yanayin sarrafawa.Yanayin zafin jiki na kayan yana mai zafi, lokacin da aka ajiye shi a wannan zafin jiki da kuma yawan sanyaya duk suna tasiri sosai ga kayan jiki na ƙarshe na ƙarfe na ƙarfe.
A cikin wannan labarin, mun sake nazarin magungunan zafi da suka dace da kayan aikin ƙarfe da aka fi amfani da su a cikin CNC machining.Ta hanyar kwatanta tasirin waɗannan hanyoyin zuwa kaddarorin ɓangaren ƙarshe, wannan labarin zai taimaka muku zaɓi kayan da ya dace don aikace-aikacenku.
Lokacin da ake amfani da maganin zafi
Za'a iya amfani da maganin zafi zuwa ƙarfe na ƙarfe a cikin tsarin masana'antu.Don sassan injinan CNC, ana amfani da jiyya na zafi ko dai:
Kafin CNC machining: Lokacin da ake buƙatar daidaitaccen ma'aunin ƙarfe na ƙarfe wanda ke samuwa, mai ba da sabis na CNC zai injin sassa kai tsaye daga wannan kayan haja.Wannan galibi shine mafi kyawun zaɓi don rage lokutan gubar.
Bayan CNC machining: Wasu magungunan zafi suna haɓaka taurin kayan ko kuma ana amfani da su azaman matakin ƙarshe bayan ƙirƙirar.A cikin waɗannan lokuta, ana amfani da maganin zafi bayan CNC machining, kamar yadda babban taurin yana rage machinability na wani abu.Misali, wannan shine daidaitaccen aiki lokacin da kayan aikin injin CNC na karfe.
Maganin zafi na gama gari don kayan CNC
Annealing, rage damuwa & fushi
Ragewa, zafi da damuwa duk sun haɗa da dumama ƙarfen ƙarfe zuwa zafin jiki mai zafi da kuma sanyaya kayan a hankali a hankali, yawanci a cikin iska ko a cikin tanda.Sun bambanta a cikin zafin jiki da kayan da aka yi zafi da kuma a cikin tsari a cikin tsarin masana'antu.
A cikin annealing, karfe yana zafi da zafi sosai sannan a kwantar da shi a hankali don cimma microstructure da ake so.Annealing yawanci amfani da duk karfe gami bayan kafa da kuma kafin wani ƙarin aiki don tausasa su da kuma inganta aikinsu.Idan ba a kayyade wani magani na zafi ba, yawancin sassan da aka yi amfani da su na CNC za su sami kaddarorin kayan aiki na jihar da aka rufe.
Rage damuwa ya haɗa da dumama ɓangaren zuwa babban zafin jiki (amma ƙasa da haɓakawa) kuma yawanci ana aiki dashi bayan injinan CNC, don kawar da ragowar damuwa da aka haifar daga tsarin masana'anta.Ta wannan hanyar ana samar da sassa masu daidaiton kaddarorin inji.
Tempering kuma yana dumama sashin a yanayin zafi ƙasa da annealing, kuma yawanci ana aiki dashi bayan quenching (duba sashe na gaba) na karafa masu laushi (1045 da A36) da ƙarfe na gami (4140 da 4240) don rage ɓarnar su da haɓaka aikin injin su.
Quenching
Quenching ya haɗa da dumama karfen zuwa yanayin zafi sosai, sannan kuma a yi saurin sanyaya, yawanci ta hanyar tsoma kayan cikin mai ko ruwa ko fallasa ga rafin sanyin iska.Saurin sanyaya "kulle-ciki" canje-canje a cikin ƙananan tsarin da kayan ke faruwa lokacin da zafi ya tashi, yana haifar da sassa tare da taurin gaske.
Yawancin sassa ana kashe su azaman mataki na ƙarshe a cikin tsarin masana'antu bayan aikin CNC (tunanin maƙeran suna tsoma ruwan wukake a cikin mai), saboda ƙara taurin yana sa kayan ya fi wahalar injin.
Ana kashe karafun kayan aiki bayan aikin CNC don cimma kyawawan kaddarorin taurin saman su.Ana iya amfani da tsarin zafin jiki don sarrafa taurin da ya haifar.Misali, Tool karfe A2 yana da taurin 63-65 Rockwell C bayan quenching amma ana iya dasa shi zuwa taurin tsakanin 42 zuwa 62 HRC.Tempering yana tsawaita rayuwar sabis na ɓangaren, saboda yana rage raguwa (ana samun sakamako mafi kyau don taurin 56-58 HRC).
Hazo hardening (tsufa)
Tauraruwar hazo ko tsufa kalmomi ne guda biyu waɗanda aka saba amfani da su don kwatanta tsari iri ɗaya.Hazo hardening mataki ne na uku: kayan da aka fara mai da zafi mai zafi, sa'an nan kuma quenched kuma a karshe mai tsanani zuwa ƙananan zafin jiki na dogon lokaci (shekaru).Wannan yana haifar da abubuwan gami waɗanda da farko suna bayyana a matsayin ɓangarorin sassa daban-daban na abun da ke ciki don narke da rarraba iri ɗaya a cikin matrix ɗin ƙarfe, a irin wannan hanyar da crystal crystal narke cikin ruwa lokacin da maganin ya yi zafi.
Bayan taurin hazo, ƙarfi da taurin ƙarfe na ƙarfe yana ƙaruwa sosai.Misali, 7075 wani alloy na aluminium ne, wanda aka saba amfani da shi a masana'antar sararin samaniya, don kera sassa na ƙarfin ƙarfi kwatankwacin bakin karfe, yayin da nauyin nauyi bai wuce sau 3 ba.
Case Hardening & Carburizing
Harka taurin shine dangin jiyya na zafi wanda ke haifar da sassan da babban tauri a saman su, yayin da kayan da ke ƙasa suna kasancewa masu laushi.Ana fifita wannan sau da yawa akan ƙara taurin ɓangaren gabaɗayan ƙarar sa (misali, ta hanyar kashewa), saboda sassa masu wuya suma sun fi karyewa.
Carburizing shine maganin zafi na yau da kullun da ke da ƙarfi.Ya ƙunshi dumama ƙananan karafa a cikin mahalli mai arzikin carbon da kuma kashe ɓangaren don kulle carbon a cikin matrix ɗin ƙarfe.Wannan yana ƙara taurin saman karafa ta irin wannan hanyar da anodizing yana ƙara taurin saman alloys na aluminum.
Lokacin aikawa: Fabrairu-14-2022